Martha Rinaldi Essay

Martha Rinaldi has been an associate item director at driving refreshment organization Potomac Waters since moving on from business college. Rinaldi is disappointed by her associations with her chief and a nearby colleague. Despite the fact that she endeavors to satisfy her chief, she has gotten a negative exhibition assessment for her initial four months. Ought to Rinaldi leave Potomac for a standing bid for employment at an organization she recently interned with or attempt to improve her present circumstance? Martha Rinaldi has been an associate item administrator at driving drink organization Potomac Waters since moving on from business college. Rinaldi is disappointed by her associations with her chief and a nearby collaborator. Despite the fact that she endeavors to satisfy her supervisor, she has gotten a negative exhibition assessment for her initial four months. Ought to Rinaldi leave Potomac for a standing bid for employment at an organization she recently interned with or attempt to improve her present circumstance? 30,000 Term Papers To Choose From.. Discover Academic, Research, College, and University Term Papers Quest Our Catalog For A Term Paper, Book Report, Case Study or Essay. We Provide Custom Research, Term Paper Writing, Pre-composed Reports and Editing†¦ â€Å"$name† TERM PAPERS Scholastic Term Papers Catalog MARTHA RINALDI: SHOULD SHE STAY OR SHOULD SHE GO? HARVARD BUSINESS BRIEF CASE 4310 SOLUTION. 19150. MARTHA RINALDI: SHOULD SHE STAY OR SHOULD SHE GO? HARVARD BUSINESS BRIEF CASE 4310 SOLUTION. This paper gives a Berkeley Research analysisâ and case answer for a Harvard Business authoritative conduct contextual analysis by Linda A. Slope and Mark Rennella on the difficulties of building force and validity in a new position. The case centers around the vocation and work dissatisfactions of Martha Rinaldi, an associate item director at a main drink organization. The case investigation incorporates issue recognizable proof, issue examination, appraisal of choices, and proposals. APA Style. 12 pages, 7 references, 7 bibliographic sources. 3,450 words. About Berkeley Research Case Solutions: Berkeley Research has offered definitive case answers for Harvard Business School contextual analyses since 1984. We additionally highlight answers for contextual analyses from other driving alumni business colleges including Stanford, Darden, Wharton and Ivey. Our case arrangements highlight inside and out investigation drawing on proper logical devices including S.W.O.T., P.E.S.T. also, Five Forces examinations, and incorporate auxiliary references from academic diaries and driving business periodicals. We don't offer understudy composed articles; the entirety of our case arrangements are expertly composed by MBA and DBA â€degreed journalists with demonstrated inclination and long involvement with composing keen case arrangements. Not at all like other case arrangements made accessible on the Internet without capable assessment of their benefits, Berkeley Research case arrangements are peer explored by a board of case examiners before being offered on our site. The most grounded and most satisfying support of the nature of our case arrangements originates from our clients: more than 66% of our contextual investigation deals are made to rehash clients, graduate understudies and administrators joined up with probably the most recognized and specific alumni business projects, and who essentially set a high bar for systematic thoroughness and interpretive clearness. The Berkeley Research contextual analysis arrangement is a top notch item expected for a perceiving crowd. Labels: Harv ard business case arrangement, peace promotion, relational relations, individual technique, ability the board, correspondence, force and impact, authority, vocation improvement, manager subordinate relations RELATED PAPERS Kay Sunderland, Making the Grade at Attain Learning Harvard Case Solution Jamie Turner at MLI Harvard Case Solution Authority and Team Development Research Paper Thomas Green: Power, Office Politics and a Career in Crisis Harvard Business Case Solution Terracog Global Positioning Systems: Conflict and Communication on Project Aerial Harvard Case Solution Bounce Knowlton Case Study Solution

Doing the Right Thing in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Doing the Right Thing in Hamlet   â â When an individual has gone in a specific direction, who is to decide if that activity taken was correct or wrong? Also, what premise should the individual condemning use to choose whether that activity was correct or wrong? Should the individual condemning think about the other person's motivation or aim in making the move, or would it be a good idea for him to consider the subsequent results of the other person's activities? On the off chance that the individual condemning were to decide to do the first of these two other options, he would be taking a deontological position, when contrasted with the later which depicts the consequentialist see. As Stephen J. Freeman clarifies, consequentialism is the conviction that activities or potentially leads are directly as long as they produce the most good ramifications for those influenced by the activities or rules (Freeman 63). Consequentialists see the ethical quality of an outcome in two viewpoints. One perspective is what is called moral selfishness. Moral pride is the possibility that profound quality is characterized as acting to one's greatest advantage and so as to amplify the results of good over awful (Freeman 49). As opposed to moral selfishness is utilitarianism. Utilitarianists see ethical quality as when an activity advances the best equalization of good over terrible for all individuals. Utilitarianism is a teleological, objective coordinated hypothesis underscoring bliss as the final product of human activity (Freeman 49). In Freeman's book on morals, he talks about Holmes' proposition of two sorts of teleological moral hypotheses that apply to these two contrasting consequentialist sees. Holmes' proposition is that of small scale and large scale morals. Smaller scale morals respects the joy of the person as the most noteworthy great and characterizes what is directly as the activity that amplifies that end. By definition, miniaturized scale morals is fundamentally the same as the conviction of moral vanity. Then again, full scale morals sees joy as the prosperity of a gathering in general and characterizes what is directly as the activity that expands that end. As utilized here, a gathering can be those individuals of a particular city, state, country, or race, and a specific gathering has more prominent significance than a specific individual or subgroup inside it, since its great surpasses the total of any of its parts (Freeman 49). Those on the side of full scale morals would legitimize the penance of an individual or part inside the gathering, as long as it achieves valuable ramifications for the gathering in general.

Providing quality healthcare

Giving quality medicinal services Medicinal services Quality 1.0 Background To The Study The Client enters the medicinal services conveyance administration with requirements, concerns and desires, requiring different mediations. Recognizing and giving suitable consideration to address these issues in a financially savvy route without bargaining the standard of care is one of the difficulties confronting social insurance suppliers today. Different difficulties confronting them incorporate consumer’s requests, proficient interest for greatness, significant expense of human services and segment shifts. So as to give quality consideration that meets the client’s need and increment his fulfillment the client’s sees must be regarded and his inclinations contemplated. Studies to distinguish clients’ inclinations have indicated that giving physical solace satisfactory and opportune data, facilitated and coordinated consideration, enthusiastic help, regard for clients’ qualities and rights are ground-breaking indicators of customer fulfillment (Gerteis, 1993; Potter and Perry, 2001). Different investigations likewise demonstrated that independent of social foundation and convictions, providers’ conduct qualities, for example, indicating regard, affableness, arrangement of protection and decrease in clients’ holding up time impact clients’ fulfillment with care (Population Report, 1998). Customers happy with the consideration they got have been found to offer praises, follow directions, keep facility arrangements and prescribe the emergency clinic to loved ones (Larson and Ferketich, 1993; Kotler and Armatrong, 1997, interestingly, those not fulfilled have been found to gripe, take legitimate activities, change suppliers or even leave the customary social insurance administrations for integral treatments or substitute medication (Luthert, 1990; World Bank Report, 2000; Jegede, 2001). These exercises have influenced the medicinal services conveyance framework. As of late, a few changes have likewise risen. This remembers a change for the generalized picture of the patients. Truly the patient had been seen as an inactive beneficiary of human services in a paternalistic relationship with the parental figure. This is not true anymore, as today the customer is an all around educated shopper with a solid arranging intensity of decision, which he uses to further his potential benefit (Melville, 1997, Alagba 2001). This position was fortified by the Consumers’ Bill of Rights of 1965 and the Patients’ Bill of Rights of 1975 (smelther and Bare, 2000, Alagba, 2001). The Bills underlined Client fulfillment with administrations gave all the more so as fulfillment has been acknowledged as a significant marker of value care. Moreover, as buyer of the administrations the customer is in the best situation to state if an assistance has addressed his needs or not. The client’s view of care is in this way of fundamental significance to any supplier. Be that as it may, disregarding all these, medicinal services workers’ care alone might be lacking to meet all the client’s needs. Customer focused consideration necessitated that social insurance conveyance framework give customer inviting emergency clinic arrangements, satisfactory number of experts, sheltered and clean condition, fitting supplies and useful research centers. These offices gave at reasonable costs are important to supplement medicinal services workers’ endeavors and assurance client’s fulfillment. Sadly the significant obstruction to the accomplishment of this objective is the significant expense of social insurance administrations, for instance, Stanhope and Lancaster (1996), Potter and Perry (2001) announced that there was an incredible climb in medicinal services conveyance framework in United States of America. At that point the medicinal services costs swelling was said to have been higher and quicker than the buyer cost file between 1950 †1980, and in 1993 it was said to have expanded twice over the national expansion list. This hyper swelling, Stanhope and Lancaster (1996) further expressed prompted consumers’ clamor and extraordinary requests for practical social insurance administrations. Section Two Writing Review Idea of Satisfaction A few creators have characterized the word fulfillment severally, for instance Webster’s word reference characterizes fulfillment as â€Å"the satisfaction of a need or request and the achievement of an ideal end†. The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary characterizes it as â€Å"the sentiment of satisfaction felt when one has or accomplishes what one needs or desires†. Fulfillment can likewise be just characterized as a feeling of satisfaction radiating from apparent necessities met. These definitions propose the requirement for needs distinguishing proof and objective setting before fulfillment can be achieved. It would likewise give the idea that fulfillment is abstract with just the individual authenticating his/her fulfillment. In today’s supplier customer relationship the onus lies on the suppliers to endeavor at customer fulfillment. Studies to recognize the predecessors of customer fulfillment have demonstrated that customer fulfillment is one of the aftereffects of the arrangements of good quality help; thusly it has become a significant quality pointer (Filani, 2001; Vuori, 1987). The need to give quality consideration depends on a few components including the rule of value. Customers and buyers who pay for administrations are qualified for an incentive for cash paid. Fulfillment is likewise found to rely upon client’s desires. Every individual has a desire for the result of a communication, a relationship or a trade. Positive result causes customer fulfillment. This view is all around verbalized by Kotler and Armstrong (1997) who expressed that â€Å"when a client’s desires are not met, the customer is disappointed, when it is met the customer is fulfilled and when it is surpassed, the customer is enchanted, and continues coming back†. Thus specialist organizations ought to evaluate clients’ desire at the beginning of a relationship so as to intentionally plan to fulfill the customer. At times customers may not make certain of what's in store, it gets vital for specialist co-ops to build up a desire for good quality in the customer with the goal that they can demand it. In any case the customer might be happy with moderately poor administrations (Shyer and Hossan, 1998). This isn't in light of a legitimate concern for the customer or the specialist co-ops. Along these lines advising the customer and educating general society on what comprises proper consideration or administration ought to be viewed as endeavors to create and continue customer fulfillment. This is particularly significant in the light of current changes in the human services conveyance framework. As of late, certain powers have occasioned changes in the human services conveyance framework; these powers incorporate populace socioeconomics, for example, expanding number of the maturing populace, social assorted variety, changing examples of illness, innovation, monetary changes and clients’ interest for quality consideration (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). These powers requested that care suppliers created inventive approaches to address clients’ issues and increment clients’ fulfillment. Today medicinal services is seen as an item to be bought and patients until now observed as uninvolved beneficiaries of human services have transformed into enabled purchasers. As buyers the customers order the consideration of suppliers and social insurance supervisors who have an obligation to guarantee their fulfillment. This view was upheld by the British Government when managing the National Health Service (NHS) failure to adapt to issues expanding request on it by the maturing populace, the progressions in clinical innovation and the rising desires for social insurance clients (Melville 1997). Additionally like purchasers it has been noticed that medicinal services customers are getting progressively connected with rights, force and strengthening. Their current status empowers them to assume responsibility for their conditions and accomplish their own objectives. Adams (1990) saw that it additionally empowers them to move in the direction of the amplification of the nature of their lives. Utilizing their capacity, customers interest for good quality social insurance: their interest is upheld by the World Health Organization, Alma Ata assertion of 1978, and the constitution of the World Health Organization (1966). The last mentioned, expressed that, â€Å"good wellbeing is a privilege of all people†. This is deciphered to mean a privilege to accessibility, availability and reasonableness of good quality human services. It follows that social insurance ought to be given in a manner that is adequate and agreeable to the purchaser, who likewise has the intensity of decision. Written works proliferate on the clients’ intensity of decision (Rogers, 1993, Melville 1997). Be that as it may, do the trick it to take note of that the customer as a shopper utilizes this capacity to choose among options and picks what gives him/her best fulfillment. This reality was additionally noted by Alagbe (2001), who refering to the Law of negligible utility expressed that â€Å"Consumers are reasonable and be able to quantify the utility or fulfillment they get from every item expended, and given an all out judiciousness purchasers choose a mix of products and ventures that will amplify their satisfaction†. This burdens the way that buyers pick what will give them greatest fulfillment. The intensity of decision has various advantages for customers, including the way that the customer is regularly counseled by the supplier or maker (Melville 1997). This likewise makes a relationship of association as opposed to the paternalistic one that had described the human services conveyance framework. The objective before all medicinal services suppliers is to create and keep up a customer focused help so as to offer quality assistance and guarantee customer fulfillment, all the more so as customers are getting increasingly learned and wellbeing cognizant (Smeltzer and Bare 2000). Their advantage was animated and supported by the TV, web, papers and magazines other correspondence media and by political discussions. Their expanding interest for quality consideration dependent on th

Dune Precis essays

Ridge Precis articles Ridge is a fantastic novel for sci-fi darlings. Paul, the child of Duke Leto of House Atreides, has been carrying on with an existence of arrangement, however he doesn't have the foggiest idea why he has been preparing. Arrakis is a desert planet helpful to the domain for just a single thing: the zest. The zest is a noteworthy substance that has properties that can be utilized for all intents and purposes anything. Paul doesn't have the foggiest idea why his dad has decided to manage over Arrakis or why he keeps on preparing, yet after a progression of shocking occasions, Paul discovers that he is the seed for the hotly anticipated Kwisatz Haderach. The Kwisatz Haderach is a male Bene Gesserit. The Bene Gesserit is a gathering of ladies who an incompletely visionary and can control minds. The Kwisatz Haderach is known to have natural mental forces that can connect reality. Paul understands that his hereditary cosmetics is the root for the Kwisatz Haderach. So as to endure, Paul must rule Arrakis. The Fremen, the local desert-occupants of Arrakis, offer their guide to Paul since they accept that the Prophecy has come. The Fremen accept that Paul is the guaranteed savior and that he will free them. The snags that lay in front of him are simply the contradicting House Harkonnens and the Emperor himself. Paul utilizes his recently gained partner and his psychological forces to outsmart the contradicting Harkonnens. After a progression of water spilling (water is a shortage of Arrakis and blood is viewed as significant for its water content) fights, Paul wins control of Arrakis and now faces the Sardaukar, the first class powers of the Emperor. ... <!

Information Sysems Free Essays

Utilization of Video Conferencing to increase upper hand in New Bank New bank can utilize video innovation to associate clients with the correct specialists in a limited capacity to focus time to offer speedy and customized assistance on-request. Most banks overall are in an incipient phase of utilizing video to carry on different organizations with their clients remotely; thus New Bank can exploit this. Through video-empowered web conferencing or branch office video conferencing the bank can direct high hazard, exceptional yield organizations of talking about buy and sell of stock, selling contracts, organizing speculation portfolios and prompting on credits. We will compose a custom paper test on Data Sysems or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Preferences of embracing video conferencing in New Bank (Drivers) * Optimization of the cost/lemon proportion Cost salary proportion is the standard benchmark of bank productivity. At times, bank accounting reports and cost salary/proportion are in an unfortunate state to such an extent that diminishing expense while expanding incomes gets basic. In such manner, video banking will help in diminishing cost/pay by diminishing branch banking headcount and improving incomes viably. * Integration of unique business forms Video innovation clears approach to incorporate the divergent procedures in the endeavor ND bring cooperative energies between business groups across geologies. Ongoing remote access Video conferencing empowers continuous access to master financiers found remotely. This at that point improves the nature of official cooperations. * Value to clients Video innovation executed in retail branches can give high esteem item data to clients. This reductions turnaround times for c onclusion of client questions. * Enhancement of branch banking collaborations Video conferencing permits extension of video across branch systems helps data spread and strategically pitching. Visual Connect Video conferencing is utilized to associate clients with item specialists when selling higher edge items. This at that point permits riches the board specialists to keep in touch with customers spread over the branch arrange. Instances of genuine situations of video conferencing * Video teller innovation in retail banking This is perfect where money related associations look to offer customized value-based administrations to clients all the more deftly and its advantage is that, it streamlines branch assets by concentrating on higher worth, non value-based warning work and allows an eider scope of administrations at branches and clean areas. Web based life Innovation This is perfect to help a virtual branch online to help enquiries with respect to guidance on contracts, outside trade and setting up installments. The value of this is it helps in offering customized types of assistance to the client and improving client relationship. 2. Utilization of mechanized call habitats in New Bank to catch serious powers New Bank can embrace computerized call focuses as a meaner for reducing expense s and improving exchanges from high touch, significant expense, customary branch banking channel. This at that point permits branch representatives to focus on income creating exercises. Extra advantages for utilizing mechanized call places include: * The creation off extensive perspective on each customer’s profile to get their requirements. * The normalization of the business procedure to expand the utilization of client data in deals. * The redesigning of the personnel’s aptitudes so they can fulfill the client by offering the correct items and administrations. This permits the acknowledgment of profitable staff with the office to screen administrator profitability. The most effective method to refer to Information Sysems, Papers

Pros and Cons of Massive Open Online Courses

Advantages and disadvantages of Massive Open Online Courses Post-auxiliary schools of various sorts costly, tip top universities, state colleges, and junior colleges are playing with the possibility of MOOCs, enormous open online courses, where a huge number of understudies can take a similar class all the while. Is this the fate of school? Nathan Heller expounded on the marvel in the May 20, 2013, issue of The New Yorker in Laptop U. I suggest you discover a duplicate or buy in online for the full article, yet Ill offer with you here what I gathered as the upsides and downsides of MOOCs from Hellers article. What Is a MOOC? The short answer is that a MOOC is an online video of a school address. The M represents huge in light of the fact that there is no restriction to the quantity of understudies who can select from anyplace on the planet. Anant Agarwal is an educator of electrical designing and software engineering at MIT, and leader of edX, a non-benefit MOOC organization claimed mutually MIT and Harvard. In 2011, he propelled a trailblazer called MITx (Open Courseware), planning to get multiple times the typical number of study hall understudies in his spring-semester circuits-and-gadgets course, around 1,500. In the initial scarcely any long stretches of posting the course, he told Heller, he had 10,000 understudies join from everywhere throughout the world. A definitive enlistment was 150,000. Huge. The Pros MOOCs are questionable. Some state they are the eventual fate of advanced education. Others consider them to be the inevitable ruin of it. Here are the masters Heller found in his exploration. MOOCs: Are free. At the present time, most MOOCs are free or about free, an unmistakable in addition to for the understudy. This is probably going to change as colleges search for approaches to settle the significant expense of making MOOCs.Provide an answer for congestion. As indicated by Heller, 85% of Californias junior colleges have course holding up records. A bill in the California Senate tries to require the state’s open schools to give kudos for endorsed online courses.Force teachers to improve addresses. Since the best MOOCs are short, normally an hour and no more, tending to a solitary point, educators are compelled to look at all of material just as their instructing methods.Create a unique document. That is the thing that Gregory Nagy, teacher of old style Greek writing at Harvard, calls it. On-screen characters, artists, and standup humorists record their best exhibitions for communicate and family, Heller composes; why shouldnt school educators do likewise? He refers to Vladimir Nabokov as once proposing that his exercises at Cornell be recorded and played each term, liberating him for different exercises. Are intended to guarantee that understudies keep up. MOOCs are genuine school courses, total with tests and grades. They are loaded up with various decision questions and conversations that test understanding. Nagy considers these to be as nearly comparable to expositions in light of the fact that, as Heller composes, the web based testing system clarifies the correct reaction when understudies miss an answer, and it lets them see the thinking behind the right decision when theyre right.The internet testing process helped Nagy update his homeroom course. He told Heller, Our aspiration is really to make the Harvard experience now nearer to the MOOC experience.Bring individuals together from everywhere throughout the world. Heller cites Drew Gilpin Faust, Harvard president, with respect to her contemplations on another MOOC, Science Cooking, that shows science and material science in the kitchen, I simply have the vision in my brain of individuals cooking everywhere throughout the glob e together. It’s sort of nice.Allow instructors to benefit as much as possible from homeroom time in mixed classes. In what is known as a flipped homeroom, instructors send understudies home with assignments to tune in to or watch a recorded talk, or read it, and come back to the study hall for increasingly significant conversation time or other intuitive learning. Offer intriguing business openings. A few new MOOC organizations propelled in 2012: edX by Harvard and MIT; Coursera, a Standford organization; and Udacity, which centers around science and tech. The Cons The contention encompassing MOOCs incorporates some truly solid worries about how they will shape the eventual fate of advanced education. Here are a portion of the cons from Hellers look into. MOOCs: Could make educators become simply celebrated instructing partners. Heller composes that Michael J. Sandel, a Harvard equity educator, wrote in a letter of dissent, The idea of precisely the same social equity course being instructed in different way of thinking divisions the nation over is out and out scary.Make conversation a test. It’s difficult to encourage important discussion in a study hall with 150,000 understudies. There are electronic other options: message sheets, gatherings, visit rooms, and so on., however the closeness of up close and personal correspondence is lost, feelings regularly misconstrued. This is a specific test for humanities courses. Heller composes, When three incredible researchers show a sonnet in three different ways, it isnt wastefulness. It is the reason on which all humanistic request is based.Grading papers is incomprehensible. Indeed, even with the assistance of graduate understudies, reviewing a huge number of expositions or research papers is overwhelming, most definitely. Heller reports that edX is creating programming to review papers, programming that gives understudies quick criticism, permitting them to make updates. Harvards Faust isnt totally ready. Heller cites her as saying, I might suspect they are sick prepared to think about incongruity, class, and†¦I don’t know how you get a PC to choose if there’s something there it hasn’t been modified to see. Make it simpler for understudies to drop out. Heller reports that when MOOCs are carefully on the web, not a mixed involvement in some study hall time, dropout rates are regularly more than 90%.Intellectual property and monetary subtleties are issues. Who claims an online course when the educator who makes it moves to another college? Who gets paid for instructing or potentially making on the web courses? These are issues that MOOC organizations should turn out in the forthcoming years.Miss the enchantment. Subside J. Burgard is a teacher of German at Harvard. He has chosen not to take an interest in online courses since he accepts the school experience originates from sitting in ideally little gatherings having certifiable human associations, truly delving into and investigating a knotty subject a troublesome picture, an intriguing book, whatever. That is energizing. There’s a science to it that essentially can't be recreated online.Will recoil resources, in the long run disp ensing with them. Heller composes that Burgard sees MOOCs as destroyers of conventional advanced education. Who needs educators when a school can employ an extra to deal with a MOOC class? Less teachers will mean less Ph.D.s without a doubt, littler alumni programs, less fields, and subfields educated, the inevitable demise of whole collections of information. David W. Wills, teacher of strict history at Amherst, concurs with Burgard. Heller composes that Wills stresses over scholarly community falling under various leveled thrall to a couple of star educators. He cites Wills, Its like advanced education has found the megachurch. MOOCs will most certainly be the wellspring of numerous discussions and discussions sooner rather than later. Watch for related articles just around the corner.

A development of Uber - Free Essay Example

The ridesharing phenonium Uber, has grown faster than any comparable startup. Unfortunately, this incredible growth has been overshadowed by a series of scandals. Sexual harassment cases, stealing intellectual property, evading authorities are a few prime examples of the issues arising at Uber. Many of these scandals seem to be related to the leadership of its founder and the culture he represented and instilled throughout the company. The initial reactions to Ubers shortcomings was that its culture was greatly flawed and a change in that culture was needed as soon as possible. Ubers success is directly related to its culture; neither can be examined independently of the other. Leadership is defined as the use of power or influence to direct a group towards obtaining a specific goal (Colquitt). The end goal is to gain large profits and be a successful company, but at what cost? Previous Uber CEO, Travis Kalanick, had questionable methods and ideologies. His leadership style has been under major scrutiny for quite some time. Especially after a video of him was released arguing with an Uber driver. He has also publicly stated dehumanizing comments about women, igniting even more fuel to the fire. Kalanick also had a hard time claiming responsibility if one his drivers placed a customer is harms way. He would act as if these life threatening incidents were not even real. These are just a few examples to exemplify the personality of the CEO of a major tech company. All of these examples show strong traits of a tyrant and less of an exemplary leader. Kalanick used his power as CEO to control his workers and to just brush things under the rug. Power can be seen a s the ability to resist the influence attempts of others, which is exactly what Kalanick was doing (Colquitt). It should not to be a surprise as to why Ubers leadership and culture have been struggling. Leadership starts at the top and trickles down. If the top executives are not behaving accordingly, then how can they expect their lower level employees to do act like noble citizens. The historical development of Uber needs to be considered in looking at strategic planning. Companies do not spring out of nowhere; they spring out of founders and leaders who have a set of values and a way of doing things. Uber is a ride sharing platform that allows riders to use their smartphones to find drivers to get them to their destinations, all it takes is a click of a button. Ubers culture sprang from the tech start up bubble of 2009-10. Its culture was personified by its founder Travis Kalanick. He drove his strategies which resulted in Uber taking steps forward in its quest for world domination. Uber went from a zero valuation at its founding in 2009-10 to a valuation in the billions in a few short years. Kalanick was once hailed as an inspirational leader in Silicon Valley. He was the genius mind behind possibly one of the fastest growing startups in history. His hyper localized strategy was innovative and upended the transportation industry. In 2013, Fortune magazine described him as Silicon Valleys rebel-hero, characterizing his leadership as confident, cocky, disruptive – and effective. He was cited as the primary source for Ubers success, back in 2013. Uber had grown to 42 cities in 18 countries with a valuation of $3.4 billion (Hempel, 2013). Unfortunately, by 2015 Ubers culture was being denounced all of the world. Silicon Valley investor Peter Thiel called Uber, the most ethically challenged company in Silicon Valley. Travis Kalanick was described as ruthless and predatory. His leadership strategy was described as invasive and abusive (Chafkin, 2015) Even with Ubers valuation swollen to $70 billion, Ubers investors demanded Kalanick resign as the companys CEO after the constant broadcast of public scandals. Uber became a prime example of Silicon Valley start-up culture gone wrong. While Uber had a valuation of $70 billion in 2017, this valuation was subjective and not market driven. Uber was, and is as of this article, privately held. The big money for the investors is in the planned Initial Public Offering (IPO). The criticism of Kalanicks leadership, strategy and culture threatened this public offering. Further, at least one prominent expert opined that the potential expenses associated with operating in the evolving regulatory market for ride hailing mandated a valuation of less than half of the $70 million (Verhage, 2016). This lower valuation is directly related to the independent contractor versus employee problem faced by the entire gig economy and Uber in particular, discussed in detail below. Incoming CEO Dara Khosroshahi, formerly of Expedia, pledged to maintain the aggressiveness of Uber but vowed to change its toxic culture. This company has to change. What got us here is not whats going to get us to the next level (Cava, 2017). The company has sin ce embarked on a process to change its culture and at the same time, vowed to go public within 18 to 36 months from August of 2017 (Cava, 2017). Uber is part of the gig economy, the booming trend of hiring independent contractors and short-term workers who supply their own tools or products for customers as opposed to hiring employees and supplying them with tools, products and/or a place to work. Like Airbnb does not own its own bed and breakfast properties, Uber does not own a fleet of vehicles. Uber drivers provide their own vehicles and are independent contractors. Brad Smith, the CEO of Intuit, the owner of TurboTax, in May of 2017 estimated that the gig economy represents about 34% of the workplace and is expected to be 43% by the year 2020. According to Intuit, there were about 4 million classic gig workers in the spring of 2017, which was expected to grow to 7.7 million by 2020 (Gillespie, 2017). Uber is a leader in this gig economy. According to Uber it has had 75 million riders and 3 million drivers through 2017. Its drivers have completed 4 billion trips. Uber exists in 78 countries and over 600 cities worldwide and it completes 15 million trips each day. While it has millions of independent contractor drivers, it also has 15,000 employees as of 2017. These employees are not drivers; they do every other task required, but do not provide Ubers essential service (Uber, 2018). Because the workers delivering Ubers core service are independent contractors, Uber maintains tremendous flexibility and saves an incredible amount of money associated with hiring employees. The independent contractor classification limits these workers access to traditional employment benefits such as minimum wage and overtime pay, protection against discrimination, workplace safety regulations, payroll tax contributions, unemployment insurance, social security, disability insurance, Medicare, workers compensation insurance, health insurance, and retirement savings plans (Atmore, 2017). The expenses of providing these benefits are incurred by the drivers and not the company. The company also has tremendous flexibility in moving people in and out of the company. Significantly, they also do not have to provide their workers with a place to work or tools (in Ubers case, vehicles) (Atmore, 2017). The legal basis for this classification in the case of Uber is tenuous and hotly litigated: Gig companies often declare their workers to be independent contractors due to their high level of flexibility and autonomy over their work, while gig workers, desiring the rights and benefits of employment, seek to be classified as employees. In asserting their respective positions, both sides of the debate rely on the central factors in existing classification tests: control and independence. (Atmore, 2017) For example, Uber drivers in recent litigation have argued that Uber has control over them because of Ubers detailed requirements which include rules regarding their conduct with customers, the cleanliness of their vehicles, their timeliness in picking up customers and taking them to their destination, what they are allowed to say to customers, etc (OConnor v. Uber Technologies). Failure to follow these rules leads to termination. Ubers defense in this case is instructive as in understanding exactly how Uber sees itself: Uber defended its classification of drivers as independent contractors by reasoning that Uber is not an employer of drivers but simply provides a platform that facilitates an independent business arrangement between driver and customer. Consequently, Uber denied having meaningful control over drivers time, place, and manner of work.